ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL ENCROACHMENT WITHIN THE STATUTORY RIGHT-OF- WAY OF 33KV POWER DISTRIBUTION LINES IN DAMATURU METROPOLIS, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Encroachment on electricity transmission and distribution rights-of-way (RoW) constitutes a growing challenge in Nigerian urban centres, contributing substantially to electrocutions, wildfires, and power supply disruptions. The statutory setback for 33kV distribution lines in Nigeria is 11 metres as stipulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC). This study assessed the nature, extent, and drivers of structural encroachment within the 33kV RoW in Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative
physical measurements with qualitative inquiry. Using purposive sampling, all structures situated within 11 metres of selected 33kV feeder lines were identified. Distances from structures to conductor centre-lines were measured using a 50-metre measuring tape. A structured questionnaire
was administered to 120 property owners/occupants, and key informant interviews were conducted with officials from Yola Electricity Distribution Company (YEDC) and the Yobe State Ministry of Lands and Urban Development. A total of 347 encroaching structures were identified along 6.4 km of
surveyed feeder lines. Of these, 42% (n=146) lay within the high-risk zone (<3 metres), 33% (n=115) within the medium-risk zone (3–6 metres), and 25% (n=86) within the low-risk zone (6–11 metres). Commercial structures accounted for 58% of all encroachments identified. Alarmingly, only 22% of respondents were aware of the statutory 11-metre RoW requirement, while merely 8% knew the correct setback distance. Primary drivers of encroachment included land scarcity (48%), ignorance of regulations (31%), and economic pressure (15%). The study reveals widespread, high-risk encroachment on Damaturu's 33kV distribution network, posing significant public safety hazards. Urgent policy interventions are recommended, including selective relocation of high-risk structures, comprehensive public awareness campaigns, strengthened enforcement mechanisms,
and institutional capacity building for regulatory agencies.