ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LIMESTONE QUARRYING ON THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN ASHAKA, FUNAKAYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Limestone quarrying is a major industrial activity in Ashaka, Funakaye Local Government of Gombe
State, Nigeria, contributing significantly to cement production and economic development. However,
its environmental implications are increasingly becoming a concern. This study assesses the
environmental impacts of limestone quarrying on the biophysical components of the ecosystem in
Ashaka. Using field surveys, remote sensing, structured questionnaires, and laboratory analysis, key
biophysical variables such as soil composition, vegetation cover, water quality, and air quality were
examined. Satellite imagery from 2010, 2015, and 2020 revealed a steady decline in vegetation
cover within a 10 km radius of the quarrying site. Laboratory results indicated increased pH, heavy
metal content, and suspended solids in nearby water bodies. The study also found that quarry dust
led to a reduction in soil fertility and a rise in respiratory ailments among residents. Data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA to establish the significance of the changes
observed. The results highlight the need for a robust environmental management strategy. It is
recommended that the cement industry adopt environmentally sustainable mining techniques,
enforce proper Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), and implement periodic restoration
plans. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence on the environmental trade-offs
of mineral extraction and calls for policy reforms aimed at balancing industrial development with
ecological integrity.