BW Academic Journal

STRATEGIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION COMPANIES, JALINGO, TARABA STATE

Liatu Daniel Elisha — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated strategic resource allocation and competitive advantage in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) companies in Jalingo, Taraba State. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study consisted of one hundred and twenty (120) senior management staff of the GSM companies (MTN, Airtel, GLO, and 9Mobile), out of which 92 was obtained as the sample size using Taro Yamane’s formula. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for the study. Ninety-two (92) copies of structured questionnaires were randomly administered on senior management staff of four (4) GSM companies. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyzed the data. The regression analysis model was used to test the research hypotheses. The study revealed that there is a significant positive effect of resource identification on competitive advantage in the GSM companies in Jalingo, there is a significant positive effect of matching resource to needs on competitive advantage in the GSM companies in Jalingo, there is also a significant positive effect of customer focus on competitive advantage in the GSM companies in Jalingo. The results indicate that strategic resource allocation is a crucial component that organisations must address in order to achieve a competitive edge. The study recommended that GSM companies in Jalingo should prioritize the systematic identification of resources by accurately identifying resources, GSM companies should develop mechanisms for evaluating current and future needs and strategically allocate resources and that GSM companies should embed customer-centric strategies into their core operations.

STRATEGIC PATHWAYS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ELEME

Dr. Joseph Obele — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the early 1980s, Eleme experienced a vibrant boom in cultural tourism, with masquerade
performances forming the core of entertainment during the Christmas season.
Colourful displays at the Alesa Town Square remain memorable, featuring iconic masquerades such as Owu-ama, Oki, Arungo, Abah, Ofrima and others.
Moments when Owuama and Abah electrified the town square, sending spectators running in
excitement, captured the communal spirit and cultural richness of Eleme.
The high height Ogale masquerade, popularly known as Owu Konkon, stood out as a symbol of cultural pride, while Alode, Aleto, Agbonchia, and neighbouring communities also hosted impressive masquerade events that sustained local engagement in subtle but meaningful ways.
This cultural landscape shifted with the rise of aggressive Pentecostal evangelism, which increasingly portrayed masquerade traditions as ungodly.
In response, church crusades and inter-community football tournaments were introduced during festive periods, intentionally displacing traditional masquerade celebrations across Eleme.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE, FLY ASH AND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG

Falmata A. Mustapha — Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, the demand for construction materials has grown tremendously, likewise the
amount of construction and demolition waste, putting huge pressure on the environment. This has encouraged the use of recycled aggregate in concrete. This research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in varying percentages of replacement for Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA). A total of 20 concrete mixtures were prepared and tested. Mixtures were divided into five different groups, with different volume fractions of Recycled Concrete Aggregate of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of NCA. The concrete is designed for a water-cement ratio of 0.38. Mixtures were designed with 50% of Portland cement substituted by a combination of class C fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag. The evaluation of concrete properties will include the workability of concrete using a slump test, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength at the ages of 3, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results indicate that replacing the coarse aggregate with high percentages of RCA reduces the workability of the SCC. The addition of 25% FA + 25% SL in place of Portland cement increases the magnitude of the slump flow. The 28-day compressive strength of SCC with 50% SL is 5.3% less than the control. The inclusion of slag had a minimal effect on the 3, 14, and 28-day compressive strength. The optimum Recycled Concrete Aggregate content of 50% shall be used in SelfCompacting Concrete based on the findings of the results.

MARKETING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES OF SUBSIDY REMOVAL IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

Azuonwu, Benneth Elekwachi1, Dr. Tumba, Monday — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

According to Ovaga and Okechukwu (2022), a fuel subsidy is a government discount on the market price of fossil fuels that lowers the price that customers must pay. Customers would pay less than the market price per liter of the petroleum product when subsidies are in effect. Fuel subsidies are a topic of discussion worldwide due to their enormous magnitude and impact on the welfare of citizens and a country's financial stability. The size of global fossil fuel subsidies is expected to rise from $325 billion in 2018 to $1 trillion in 2022, according to the International Energy Agency. This amount is significantly larger than the total amount of money that governments in developing countries make, as well as the $204 billion that international aid is expected to provide in 2022. This has prompted demands that the worldwide fossil fuel subsidy be eliminated so that the money saved may be used to help the weak and impoverished in developing nations that require humanitarian
aid (Couharde and Mouhoud, 2020; Ozili and Ozen, 2021). However, the idea that the fossil fuel subsidy is a type of help since it lowers the cost of fuel for the poor makes its removal controversial.
Notwithstanding this positive argument, a substantial body of research demonstrates the detrimental effects of fuel subsidies, such as the rise in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (Sweeney, 2020), traffic jams (McCulloch, Moerenhout, and Yang, 2021), traffic accidents and untimely deaths (Parry, Black, and Vernon, 2021), lost tax revenue (Sweeney, 2020), and the widening gap between the rich and the poor. (McCulloch, Moerenhout and Yang, 2021)

IMPACT OF PRODUCT ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN UNILEVEL PLC IN ONITSHA, ANAMBRA STATE

Essi Brooklyn Oviudhe, Ogundare, Justice Taiwo (Ph.D.) — Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study focuses on the impact of product advertising on consumer buying behaviour and how this will help the company to achieve its promotional objectives in Unilever Plc in Onitsha, Anambra State. This research is anchored on the following research questions: to what extent does institutional advertising influence consumer buying behaviour? does retailer advertising affect consumer buying behaviour? how does advertising media influence consumer buying behaviour?
Survey research design which tends to be descriptive was adopted as the research design; due to its descriptive nature which observes and describes variables of research subjects without manipulation of the variables of the research to deduce solutions to the research questions. The population comprises of top manager, middle manager, low level manager and customers with population of 500. The findings showed that there is a significant effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The study concluded that advertising helps to promote a company’s image. This is inferred from the findings which indicate that advertising contributes in building the image for a specific product brand which makes it easy to be identified in the market. The study recommended that advertising should provide education through meaningful message, this is because the more meaningful the materials learned, the greater the rate of retention and the lower the rate of forgetting. There should be increased awareness on the ethics of advertising in order to be able to make consumers form good attitudes, opinion and interests towards fostering repeat purchase behaviour.